Geological History of Low Lands

The Low Lands (Terres Basses), located on the western side of St. Martin, represent a unique geological and archaeological area that has played a crucial role in the island’s history.

This region, characterized by marine sedimentary formations of limestone and marl, contrasts sharply with the volcanic origins of the rest of the island. Over time, erosion has created distinct features such as caves and beach outcrops, which have become important archaeological sites.

Archaeological research conducted by M.P. Sypkens Smit and A.H. Versteeg between 1979 and 1981 identified several key sites within the Low Lands, including Red Bay and Cupecoy Bay. These sites were found to contain artifacts such as pottery, stone tools, and coral implements, indicating that the area was inhabited during the late pre-Columbian period. The geological composition of the Low Lands, particularly the easily erodible limestone and marl, has also contributed to the preservation of certain archaeological features, such as caves where ceremonial artifacts have been found.

These discoveries provide valuable insights into the lives of the island’s early inhabitants, who took advantage of the region’s natural resources and strategic location between the ocean and Simpson Bay Lagoon.

The Low Lands continue to be a focal point for archaeological research, as the combination of geological history and human activity has left a rich and complex record waiting to be fully explored.

References: Sypkens Smit, M.P., Versteeg, A.H. (1982). An Archaeological Reconnaissance of St. Martin. Wagenaar Hummelinck, P. (1979). Geology and Environment of the Lesser Antilles.